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This potent antioxidant is a highly stable form of vitamin C that improves skin tone, helps fade discolorations, and visibly firms skin.
Indicates an ingredient is regulated and approved to perform a specific skin care function.
AHA, also known as alpha hydroxy acid, exfoliates skin and improves signs of ageing, dry skin and an uneven skin tone.
Alpha-arbutin is one of the effective options for targeting skin discolorations. It’s also a potent antioxidant.
A type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that works as an exfoliant. Due to its large molecule size, it's generally better tolerated by those with sensitive skin than glycolic acid.
Antioxidant that helps enhance and even out overall skin tone. Works by interrupting triggers of discolourations. Can be of natural or synthetic origin.
A plant-based ingredient with antioxidant properties. Research also indicates it can help improve the look of skin discolourations.
Pure vitamin C, the primary antioxidant in skin. Works as an antioxidant, dullness brightener, wrinkle-reducer, and helps fade discolourations.
Proven and supported by independent studies. Outstanding active ingredient for most skin types or concerns.
Necessary to improve a formula's texture, stability, or penetration.
Generally non-irritating but may have aesthetic, stability, or other issues that limit its usefulness.
There is a likelihood of irritation. Risk increases when combined with other problematic ingredients.
May cause irritation, inflammation, dryness, etc. May offer benefit in some capability but overall, proven to do more harm than good.
We couldn't find this in our ingredient dictionary. We log all missing ingredients and make continuous updates.
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